Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam Practice 2025 – Complete Study Guide

Diabetes mellitus significantly impacts kidney function primarily through a condition known as diabetic nephropathy. This is a progressive complication that develops due to the long-term effects of elevated blood glucose levels, which can lead to damage of the blood vessels in the kidneys. Over time, the increased glucose causes structural changes, including thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and mesangial expansion, resulting in glomerular hypertension and hyperfiltration.

As diabetic nephropathy progresses, it can lead to proteinuria, reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and ultimately chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Monitoring kidney function and managing diabetes effectively are crucial in preventing or slowing the progression of kidney damage in affected individuals. Understanding this mechanism is vital for nurses and healthcare professionals working with diabetic patients to implement timely interventions and improve patient outcomes.

The other choices do not accurately reflect the established relationship between diabetes mellitus and kidney function. While diabetes can have various effects on the body, it does not improve kidney function or remain without any effect. Additionally, changes in kidney size may occur due to the disease process but are not a direct measure of kidney function or indicative of the underlying issues caused by diabetes.